Electric regulation.



J. L. CREVELING.

ELECTRIC REGULATION.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-29,191].

l 1 79,805 Patented Apr. 18, 1916.

WITNESSES M/I/E/VTOR THE COLUMBIA vumomuum c0., \VAMIINGTUN, )7 c.

JOHN L. CREVELING, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

ASSIGNOR T0 SAFETY CAR HEATING AND LIGHTING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OFNEW JERSEY.

ELECTRIC REGULATION.

Specification of Letters Iatcnt.

Patented Apr. 18, 1916.

Application filed September 29, 1911. Serial No. 651,897.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN L. CnEvnLINo, a resident of New York, in thecounty and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Electric Regulation, as set forth in the annexedspecification and drawing, forming a part thereof.

My invention pertains to that class of electric regulation wherein it isdesired to regulate a dynamo or generator in a predetermined manner andhas for its particular obj ect to provide means for automatically thusregulating a dynamo.

As my invention is particularly applicable to systems of electricdistribution wherein a dynamo is used to charge a storage battery andfurnish current to lamps or other translation devices, it will bedescribed in connection with such a system.

The drawing is a diagrammatic representation of one type of systemembodying the essentials of my invention.

In the drawing, 1 represents a dynamo or generator provided with theusual field coil 2, having in series therewith resistance 3 indicated asof the carbon pile variety, and it will be obvious that the dynamo maybe regulated by proper manipulation thereof. This resistance 3 iscontrolled by the lever 4 normally drawn in an upward direction as byadjustable spring 5, in such manner as to tend to compress the carbonpile 3 and lower the resistance thereof. The lever 4 carries at oneextremity a core of magnetic material 6 and thus motion imparted to saidcore may serve to regulate the generator.

7 represents the positive lead of the generator which is carried to oneside of the switch 8 which is preferably of the automatic varietyadapted to close the circuit when the voltage of the generator issubstantially that of the battery, and as many such switches are knownin the art and the particular type of switch forms no part of mypresentinvention, one of the well known types is merely indicateddiagrammatically. From the switch 8 the lead 7 continues to one side ofthe switch 9 and is connected with the positive side of the storagebattery 10, the negative side of which is connected as by wire 11 withone end of the solenoid coil 12 surrounding the core 6 and having itsother terminal connected as by lead 13 to the negative brush of thegenerator. From the switch 9 the main 14 is carried to one side of thelamps or other translating devices 15 having their negative terminalsconnected with the main 16 which is carried to one side of a translationcircuit. regulator, in this instance indicated as a carbon pile 17,having its opposite terminal connected as by wire 18 with the solenoidcoil 19, the opposite end of which is in connection with the lead 13through wire 20 and solenoid coil 21.

The solenoid coils 12 and 19 are so wound that if either be aloneenergized the same will tend to draw the core 6 downwardly against theaction of spring 5 and increase the resistance 3, and so wound thatcurrent passing through the coil 12 when the battery is being chargedwill set up a magneto-ma tive force in the same direction to that set upby the coil 19 when the current is passing through coil 19 from thelamps or translating devices to the battery. I

22 is a solenoid coil in shunt across the generator circuit surroundingthe core 6 in such manner that, when energized, it tends to draw saidcore downwardly and increase the resistance 3. The carbon pile 23 iscontrolled by the lever 24 normally drawn in an upward direction as byspring 25, the limit of such movement being determined by the adjustablescrew 26. The lever 24 is provided at one extremity with the core 27surrounded by a solenoid coil 28 in shunt across the generator andbattery circuit. The coil 28 when energized tends to draw the core 27downwardly and decrease the resistance 23, and the coil 21 is so woundas regards core 27 and coil 28 that current in the said coil 21 from thelamps or translating devices to the generator assists the action of coil28. The resistance 17 is controlled by the lever 29 normally drawn in adownward direction as by spring 30. The lever 29 is provided at oneextremity with a core of magnetic material 31 surrounded by the solenoidcoil 32 in shunt across the translation circuit.

An operation of the herein shown system comprehending my invention issubstantially as follows :If the dynamo be running at such speed thatthe electro-motive force be sufiicient to charge the storage battery,the switch Swill be closed and current will flow from the generatorthrough lead 7, switch 8, storage battery 10, wire 11, solenoid coil 12and lead 13 to the generator, and I so adjust the spring 5 that when themaximum charging current from being exceeded. If, now, the battery becharged at this maximum rate until its voltage has risen to the maximumvoltage desired to have impressed across its terminals, I so adjust thespring 25 that upon any further increase in voltage across the solenoidcoil 28 the same will cause the core 27 to be drawn downwardly againstthe action of spring in such manner as to increase the pressure upon thecarbon pile 23 and decrease the resistance thereof and by thusincreasing the current in coil 22 prevent this maximum desired voltagebeing exceeded by the generator in a well-known manner.

By use of the pilot resistance 23 operated by the solenoid coil 28, Icause considerable variations in the current in the coil 22 uponextremely slight voltage changes across the coil 28 at such times as thegenerator tends to exceed a desired maximum voltage and, therefore, Ihold the voltage across the generator from exceeding a desired amountwithin very narrow limits, and if the battery be charged until itsvoltage be substantially the maximum voltage for which spring 25 is set,the current in the solenoid coil 12 will be practically nil and theregulation of the generator will be substantially voltage regulationthroughout speed changes. If, now, the lamp circuit be closed, as byclosing the switch, current will flow through switch 9, main 14,translating devices 15, main 16, resistance 17, wire 18, solenoid coil19, wire 20 and solenoid coil 21 to the lead 13, thence to thegenerator, and as the coil 19 is wound in such direction that this coilwhen thus traversed by current assists the action of the chargingcurrent in the coil 12 and the voltage controlled current in the coil22, the effect of the lamp load will be to cause alesser current to benecessary in the coil 12 or 22 or both in order to draw the core 6downwardly against the spring 5 and this current alsdfiowing in the coil21 will cause a lesser voltage to be necessary across the coil 28 inorder to decrease the resistance 23 and increase the current in the coil22 to hold this voltage from being exceeded. That is, the standardvoltage for which the pilot operated by the solenoid coil 28 is set tooperate will be varied upon variations in current in the translationcircuit. If the battery be receiving its full charging current at avoltage below that for which the pilot 2823 is set there will be little,if any, current in the coil 22 and the regulation of the gen- 0, in suchmanner as to hold this desired erator'will be current regulationcontrolled by the charging current in the coil 12 and, the translationcircuit current in the C011 19, by assisting the current in the coil 12,

will cause a lesser current to be necessary in the latter 1n order toregulate the generator throughout speed changes and, the

charging rate to the battery will thus be lessened or modified inproportion to the desired maximum charging current may be Q delivered tothe battery when this is the total load upon the generator and that thiscurrent will be held from being exceeded by the effect of the coil 12upon the resistance 3, and if load be thrown upon the translationcircuit the output of the generator may be varied or increased in adesired proportion. That is to say, two aniperes lamp load, for example,in the solenoid coil 19 may cause 1 arm pere less to be required in thecoil 12, and thus the generator output may be increased 50% of the lampload and, with this proportion taken for example merely, it will benoted that if coil 19 alone were operative, the generator output couldnot be increased more than 100% and thus pro tection is afiorded. If thecoils 22 and 12 be operating conjointly to regulate the generator, forexample, in such manner that the maximum voltage is held from beingexceeded by the coil 28 and this maximum voltage is causing 50% of thecharging rate to be delivered through coil 12, then the addition of thelamp load will, through the effect of the coil 19, lessen the currentfurnishedto the battery through coil 12 and thus the charging currentwill be cut down as load is thrown on the translation circuit and thetranslation circuit current flowing through the coil 21 will also adjustthe pilot so that a lower voltage will be necessary across the coil 28in order to so operate the resistance 23 that coil 22 will prevent thestandard voltage from being exceeded. On the other hand, if thegenerator has charged the battery until its voltage is substantiallyequal to that held constant by the coil 22 and its pilot, the current inthe coil 12 may be considered as negligible and, if lamp load then bethrown on the coil 19 will assist the coil 22 requiring a lesser currentin this coil and the current in coil 21 will adjustthe standard voltageof the pilot so that a lower voltage will be held constant across thegenerator circuit than was held constant when no load was upon thetranslation circuit. These are desirable conditions if the battery hasbeen charged to that point that the voltage regulating means is playingan important part in the regulation of the generator, for, it is notthen desired that a heavy charging current shall be supplied to thebattery merely to force its voltage upward when there is a load upon thetranslation circuit which is held at a lower voltage, as the rise involtage across the battery would cause considerable loss in the dropacross the resistance 17 of the translation circuit regulator, which hasthe spring 30 so adjusted as to hold the normal voltage which may besupplied by the battery alone on the translation devices in a well knownmanner.

I do not wish in any way to limit myself to the exact system set forthin this application merely to illustrate one type of systemcomprehending the essentials of my invention, for it will be obviousthat wide departure may be made without departing from the spirit andscope of my invention which is as set forth in the following claims.

I claim 1. The combination with a generator, a storage battery and atranslation circuit, of means for regulating the generator, means forcontrolling the regulating means responsive to voltage fluctuations, andmeans in shunt with said controlling means for modifying the same, meansfor controlling the regulating means responsive to current fluctuations,and means for modifying the operation of both said controlling means andadditionally modifying the voltage controlling means when the generatoris supplying current to the translation circuit.

2. The combination with a generator, a storage battery and a translationcircuit, of a regulating element for controlling the generator, voltageresponsive means for controlling said element, means inshunt with thecontrolling means for modifying the same, current responsive means forcontrolling the regulating element, and means for adjust ing theoperation of the current responsive means and voltage responsive meansand additionally adjusting the voltage controlling means when thegenerator is supplying the translation circuit.

3. The combination with a generator, a storage battery and a translationcircuit, of means for controlling the electromotive force of thegenerator, means for preventing the electromotive force of the generatorfrom exceeding a predetermined limit, means in shunt with the last-namedmeans for modifying the same, means for operating the controlling meansfor preventing a useful current supplied by the generator from exceedinga predetermined limit, and means whereby the value of the current andvolt-.

age held from being exceeded by the current and voltage responsive meansis adjusted when the generator supplies current to the translationcircuit, and the value of the voltage responsive means additionallyadjusted.

4. The combination with a generator having a field winding, a storagebattery and a translation circuit, of means for controlling thegenerator comprising a variable resistance in circuit therewith, meansfor controlling said resistance responsive to voltage fluctuations,means for modifying said controlling means in shunt therewith, means forcontrolling said resistance responsive to current fluctuations, andmeans for modifying the standard of operation of both the controllingmeans and additionally modifying the standard of the voltage controllingso means when the translation circuit is being supplied by thegenerator.

5. The combination with a generator, a main circuit and a translationcircuit, of means for regulating the generator, means for operating thesame responsive to current fluctuations, means for operating the sameresponsive to voltage fluctuations, means for modifying the last-namedoperating'means in shunt therewith, and means for modifying thestandards of current and voltage regulation of the generator andadditionally modifying the standard of voltage regulation when the samesupplies current to the translation circuit.

6. The combination with a generator and regulating means therefor, ofmeans for at fecting said regulating means responsive to voltagefluctuations, means for modifying said last-named means and in shuntwith the same, means for aflecting said regulating means responsive tocurrent fluctuations.

a translation circuit, and means actuated when the translation circuitis supplied by the generator which modifies the standard of operation ofthe voltage and current responsive means, and additionally modify ingthe standard of operation of the voltage responsive means.

7. The combination with a generator, a storage battery and a translationcircuit, of means for regulating the generator, means for controllingthe regulating means to charge the battery on a constant currentcircuit, means for controlling the regulating means to charge thebattery on a constant potential circuit, means in shunt with thelast-named controlling means to vary the same, and means for adjustingthe standard of both the controlling means and additionally adjustingthe standard of the voltage controlling means when the generatorsupplies current to the translation circuit.

8. The combination with a generator, a storage battery and a translationcircuit, of means for regulating the generator responsive to voltagefluctuations, means in shunt with the regulating means for varying theaction of the same, means for c0ntrolling the regulating meansresponsive to current fluctuations, and means for adjusting the standardof operation of the current responsive means and the voltage responsivemeans and additionally adjusting the standard of operation of thevoltage responsive means controlled by current in the translationcircuit.

9. The combination with a generator, a battery circuit and a translationcircuit, of means for regulating the generator, means for cont-rollingsaid means responsive to voltage fluctuations, means in shunt with thecontrolling means for modifying the same, means for controlling theregulating means responsive to current in the battery circuit, and meanswhereby both controlling means are afl'ected by current fluctuations inthe translation circuit, and the voltage controlling means additionallyaffected.

10. The combination with a generator, a storage battery and atranslation circuit, of means for regulating the generator, means forcontrolling the same responsive to voltage fluctuations, means in shuntwith the controlling means for modifying the action thereof, meansresponsive to current changes in the battery circuit for controlling theregulating means, and means for adjusting the operation of both saidresponsive means and additionally adjusting the operation of the voltageresponsive means 111 accordance with current in the translation circuit.

11. The combination with a generator, of acircuit supplied thereby, aregulator for the generator, voltage responsive means for controllingthe same, means in shunt with said controlling means for affecting theoperation thereof. and means actuated by current in the circuit suppliedby the generator for modifying the action of both said means.

12. The combination with a generator, of a circuit supplied thereby, aregulator for the generator, current responsive means for controllingthe regulator, voltage responsive means for controlling the regulator,and means actuated by current in the circuit sup plied by the generatorfor separately assisting both of said controlling means.

13. The combination with a regulator, of a circuit supplied thereby, aregulator for the generator, means for controlling the regulatorresponsive to current fluctuations, means for controlling the regulatorresponsive to voltage fluctuations, and means comprising an element forassisting each of the controlling means, said elements being in serieswith each other.

14. The combination with a generator and a circuit supplied thereby, ofmeans for regulating the generator responsive to voltage fluctuations,means also responsive to voltage fluctuations for varying the action ofthe first-named controlling means, means for controlling the generatorresponsive to current fluctuations, and means associated with thecurrent responsive controlling means and means for effecting the voltageresponsive controlling means for assisting the action thereof, saidmeans comprising coils in series with each other and with thetranslation circuit.

15. The combination with a generator and a circuit supplied thereby, ofmeans for regulating the generator, means for controlling the regulatingmeans responsive to voltage fluctuations, means for controlling theregulating means responsive to current fluctuations, and currentactuated means for assisting the last-named means when the said circuitis being supplied by the generator.

16. The combination with a generator and a circuit supplied thereby, ofa regulator for the generator, means responsive to voltage fluctuationsfor controlling the regulating means, means responsive to currentfluctuations for cont-rolling the regulating means, and means actuatedby current in the said circuit for assisting the last-named means.

JOHN L. CREVELING.

\Vitnesses:

M. HERsKovrrz, ANNA W. WALL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents.

- Washington, D. 0.

